Respond to the following in a minimum of 175 words:

The standard error of the estimate of the mean is represented by the equation: σ√n Discuss what this equation means, using your own words and explain why we use it. Consider how it relates to the fact that we are making assumptions about the population and not just the sample.

– Essay Answers | www.essayanswers.org

Research Paper

Each student requires to write an analytical paper on socio-political, legal and cultural issues of a country. The research paper topic must be approved by the instructor prior to beginning the research. The final paper must be formatted using APA style. Must be at least 15 pages (including cover page and reference page), one-inch margin all around, Times New Roman 12 point, double space. It must have a minimum of 15 sources, the majority of which must be dated within the last three years.

Annotated Bibliography

An annotated bibliography is a list of citations to books, articles, and documents. Each citation is followed by a brief (usually about 150 words) descriptive and evaluative paragraph, the annotation. The purpose of the annotation is to inform the reader of the relevance, accuracy, and quality of the sources cited. The brief description and citation is then placed inside an outline. Creating an annotated bibliography calls for the application of a variety of intellectual skills: concise exposition, succinct analysis, and informed library research.

The Process

First, you must get approval from the instructor regarding your topic selection, unless your topic is related to what has been discussed in class in the last 4 weeks or one of the approved topics below: .

Business environment in Cuba after Fidel Castro.
Comparison of Cuba before and after the revolution (political/legal/social/cultural aspects)
The Colombian Peace Treaty and implications for Colombia-US relationship.
The effects of corruption and possible solutions in XXX. (XXX stands for the specific country you choose).
Women voters and female political candidates in Saudi Arabia.
The Refugee crisis in Europe.
EU and U.K. relationship after Brexit and its effect on global business.
Venezuela’s political and legal situation and its effects on foreign direct investment. (You can substitute Venezuela for another country)
Social Corporate Responsibility of Walmart (or any major multinational) around the globe. Is it working?
US-Mexico migratory relationships under a new presidency. (You can substitute Mexico for another country).
NAFTA under Trump.
The effect of immigration laws in USA.
The effect of political/economic/legal aspects on the business culture of a specific country in the last 10 years.
Intellectual property issues in XXX (country).
Is socialism working in XXX country?
Second, locate and record citations to books, periodicals, and documents that may contain useful information and ideas on your topic. Briefly examine and review the actual items. Then choose those works that provide a variety of perspectives on your topic or will support your thesis. You must choose at least 15 sources, the majority of which must be dated within the last three years.and have come from our library resources. Cite the book, article, or document using the appropriate style and place it within the appropriate part of your paper (i.e. introduction, body, discussion, etc.)

Write a concise annotation that summarizes the central theme and scope of the book or article. Include one or more sentences that compare or contrast this work with another you have cited, or explain how this work illuminates your bibliography topic or support your thesis.

EXAMPLE:

Introduction
Introductory statement: The last couple of years has seen an increase in the number of blab la bla ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. (Here you set the stage and give background about the topic you plan to discuss/analyze in the thesis.) Then you list the articles you plan to use in the introduction and the main information that you plan to use from the article.

Purpose/Thesis/claim/argument:

You begin this section with the thesis. A thesis statement focuses your ideas into one or two sentences. It should present the topic of your paper and also make a comment about your position in relation to the topic. Your thesis statement should tell your reader what the paper is about and also help guide your writing and keep your argument focused.

Body/Discussion:
After choosing an appropriate topic and writing a thesis statement, you will need to brainstorm to get ideas on how to best support your thesis. The length of your paper will determine the level of detail you should pursue in your supporting content. When you have honed the results of your brainstorming down to a suitable number of subtopics, you can arrange them in the order you feel would be most effective in arguing your thesis statement.

First Subtopic: Bla, bla, bla ……………………………..
Supporting evidences
Second Subtopic: Bla, bla, bla………………..
Supporting evidences.
Template:

Introduction
Introductory Statement
Thesis Statement
Body
First Subtopic
supporting evidence
supporting evidence
supporting evidence.
Second Subtopic
Third Subtopic

References



SAMPLE ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

Introduction
Introduction Statement: Since the death of Fidel Castro, the business environment in Cuba has improved, but it is a very slow process. The hints at change for the better are quite prevalent, but Cuba needs outside assistance to fuel the changes that need to be made. The largest current issue within business in Cuba is price, everything in the country cost almost double its value anywhere else. Overall the business environment is starting to improve in Cuba, but at an extremely slow, almost nonexistent pace, the struggling business environment is directly linked to the government and their goal to receive a piece of everything within business.



Jacobs, H. (2017, January 01). I traveled to Cuba after Fidel Castro’s death – and it was far different from what I expected. Retrieved October 30, 2017, from http://www.businessinsider.com/cuba-fidel-castro-d… (Links to an external site.)
Links to an external site.


The author, Harrison Jacobs presents first person knowledge of the current business environment in Cuba, post Fidel Castro. Throughout his article, he expresses what he personally witnessed during his trip to Cuba in January of 2017. He explains that Cuba especially in the sense of the economy and business are extremely different from what all outsiders would expect after what they have been told through the news. He tells us that there are small hints of change, but due to the government wanting their hands in every single business deal that is conducted it is extremely difficult to conduct business. He goes into depth about tourism and how currently it is one of the only businesses that a Cuban resident can take part in on their own. The needed change is not simple, but what is, is the fact that the government needs to make major changes internally to allow for economic improvements in the country.



Becherer, R. C., & Helms, M. M. (2011). Is Cuba’s emerging entrepreneurial economy at the crossroads? International Journal of Emerging Markets, 6(4), 369-381. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17468801111170365

Discussed in this article is the challenges that Cuba has faced since the start of Castro’s run as president until the end of his reign in 2006, when he resigned and handed his power of presidency to his brother Raul. This article compared to others is very interesting because it expresses not only economic issues that have started post Fidel’s death, but issues that have been occurring since Fidel’s entry into power. The US Embargo of the 1960’s is discussed in great detail explaining how heavily limiting tourism to the island poorly effected the economy. The article comes full circle, explaining how today with Cuba opening up to tourism through a deal conducted by Obama the economy should benefit greatly but is struggling due to the government taking such a large portion of everything from the people.



DONNA CALLEA, -. B. W. (2006, Jan 26). Even death makes free trade unlikely in cuba. Daytona Beach News – Journal, the Retrieved from http://lynn-lang.student.lynn.edu:2048/login?url=h…(Links to an external site.)
Links to an external site.


Discussed in this article is free trade prior to Fidel Castro resigning from power. This is a great article for the paper because it thoroughly explains the conditions prior to Fidel’s resignation which allows for comparison between prior to his resignation into current day. Prior 2006, there was no legal trade conducted between Cuba and the U.S. The article goes on to discuss that many hope that after Fidel Castro passes, that relations will be repaired, opening trade and tourism from the U.S. into the country. It goes on to say that from the perspective of the U.S., the Americans are simply waiting for Fidel to die, to hopefully have a fresh start in repairing relations with Cuba, which would be very beneficial for both parties.

Purpose/Thesis/Claim/Argument:

Since Fidel Castro’s resignation of power in 2006 and death in 2016, the economy of Cuba has seen very subtle beneficial changes, but many past issues currently remain; substantial good and service cost, the governments strict involvement in every aspect of business and blatantly wasted potential, all deeply need evaluation and advancement. The purpose of this paper is to ……………………………………………

Oliver, E. (1999). Cuban immigration and the Cuban-American experience: A selective annotated bibliography. Reference Services Review, 27(2), 179-207. Retrieved from http://lynn-lang.student.lynn.edu:2048/login?url=h… (Links to an external site.)
Links to an external site.


This article is wonderful for the paper because to truly understand the state of the Cuba and its economy today, it is crucial to look back into history and understand what it was like prior as well as during Fidel Castro’s time in office. Author, Oliver compares and contrasts reports published through the 90’s. These articles discuss Cuban-American relations and experiences as well as Cuban business and the economy during that time period. Even though the information in the article is between 20 and 30 years old, it is crucial because it explains major economic and social change that occurred in Cuba in relation to the U.S. For example, Cuban migration to the U.S. and the Bay of Pigs invasion which both held strong connecting links to why the Cuban economy had and is still having issues.

Body/Discussion
First Subtopic: Business environment of Cuba

Supporting Evidences: To fully understand the business environment in Cuba after Fidel Castro, we need to understand the business environment before and during Fidel’s power in order to compare and contrast the situation properly.

Betancourt, R. R. (2016). Cuba’s Socialist Economy Today: Navigating Challenges and Change – by Spadoni, Pablo. Bulletin Of Latin American Research, 35(4), 542-543. doi:10.1111/blar.12552

The author Pablo Spadoni, an expert in Cuba’s Socialist Economy explains his opinion on the proper way to navigate challenges and change in hopes of rebuilding the economy, government and businesses of Cuba. The article focuses between the early 1990’s until 2014, a crucial time being Fidel was beginning to decide what he was going to do with his power. Since, interesting concepts that will pair greatly with the paper is the nature of Cuba’s business environment after adding the limitations provided by the U.S. Embargo. Spadoni’s article is great when dealing with Cuba and its economic situation being he breaks down the economy into 6 sectors. These 6 sectors include agriculture, transportation, housing, electric power, telecommunications and biotechnology.

Caribbean contagion; cuba’s economy. (2016, Jul 23). The Economist, 420, 35-27. Retrieved from http://lynn-lang.student.lynn.edu:2048/login?url=h… (Links to an external site.)
Links to an external site.


This article was posted by The Economist and touches on the importance of Venezuela, their massive amount of oil and the effect it has on the Cuban economy. The largest resource that Cuba has to capitalize on is oil, which is not even harvested within the country, but comes from Venezuela. For over 15 years Venezuela has operated an agreement with Cuba that Venezuela will supply them with oil, in return acquiring doctors and other professionals from Cuba. The swap has worked out extremely well resulting in a win/win situation for both parties, Cuba gets oil which they use and then export excess, and Venezuela gets well educated doctors and other professionals in which they are in high demand of. The article is perfect for the paper because it in detail explains one of the best economic situations that Cuba is and has been involved within through Fidel’s power and into his resignation.

Second Subtopic: The business and economical stance of Cuba starting from Fidel’s resignation of power in 2006 until today.

Supporting Evidences: This section of the paper will be dedicated to answering the question that the topic of the paper asks, which is, is the business environment better or worse since Fidel Castro’s resignation?

After Fidel Castro. (2016, November 26). Retrieved October 30, 2017, from https://www.economist.com/news/americas/21710923-t… (Links to an external site.)
Links to an external site.


This article published by the well-known news webpage, The Economist, goes into great detail about the transition to a post-communist Cuba which is currently an ongoing process. The article more deals with the social aspect of Cuba over the economic, but in order to understand the current situation of the economy in Cuba, the social end is crucial because it is what supports the economy. There are mixed feelings about Fidel but through research that The Economist has conducted the overall censes is that the majority of Cubans hoped that communism would die with Fidel. While some still feel that he deserves recognition for his achievements with the island of Cuba. The article goes on to talk about Raul Castro and the extremely cautious reform he has started to attempt to save the islands failing, centrally planned economy. Following is what Raul has accomplished in the country such as a 500,000 person increase in self-employment through allowing small business to operate.

Cuba after Fidel Castro. (2016, Dec 04). China Post Retrieved from http://lynn-lang.student.lynn.edu:2048/login?url=h… (Links to an external site.)
Links to an external site.


This publication by the China Post, thoroughly explains the situation in Cuba in an economical stance after the resignation and later death of Fidel Castro. Included is important economic changes that were influenced by the U.S. such as allowing Americans to travel to Cuba for the purpose of boosting the economy and hope of creating a relationship that can lead to many trade opportunities. Due to the share of state owned enterprises, economic output has fallen to 71%, but the pace of reform continues on its slow but steady path. Over the past 2 years’ reform has continued to slow even more which is due to the internal agreements that Raul and Obama agreed upon in hopes of recovering relations with the U.S.

Guerra, L. (2015, January 19). What Happens in Cuba After Fidel? Retrieved November 01, 2017, from https://www.huffingtonpost.com/lillian-guerra/what… (Links to an external site.)
Links to an external site.


In this very lengthy, detailed article produced by Lillian Guerra, Cuba’s economical and business situation is explained post Fidel’s rule of the country. The article goes into detail about all of the beneficial possibilities Cuba could have for their economy directly linked with tourism. Between the location, history, beauty and other, Cuba holds the potential to be one of the largest tourist attracted islands in the West, producing huge amounts of revenue for the country. She goes on to say that Cuba could easily imagine the creation of a classic Latin American oligarchy, founded in a post-nationalist state. The ends the article discussing the future of U.S. and Cuba relations being Cuba and the U.S. are separated by a mere 90 miles of ocean.

Hoag, C. (2016, April 11). Doing Business in Cuba. Retrieved November 01, 2017, from http://businessresearcher.sagepub.com/sbr-1775-995… (Links to an external site.)
Links to an external site.


This publication posted by the Business Researcher, discusses conducting business between the U.S. and Cuba. This is an excellent reference for the paper because it discusses the trade agreement that Obamas conducting with Cuba. The possibilities are positive and endless for both parties, but since the agreement was decided upon in December of 2014, some headway has been made but not as much as the U.S. would like to see. Tons of U.S. companies are very eager in expanding into the island nation for different reasons such as tax benefits and proximity to the U.S. as well as South America. The issue with heavily funneling companies, (money and opportunity) into Cuba is the current condition of the infrastructure which is crumbling. Other major issues include the legal and banking systems which is very outdating and poor. This publication will be used to portray the U.S., Cuba relationship after Fidel Castro resigned from president.

Mackenzie, C. (2008, Mar 29). Tourism in cuba ‘business as usual’; departure of fidel castro has had little effect on tourism business in cuba. The Times – TranscriptRetrieved from http://lynn-lang.student.lynn.edu:2048/login?url=h… (Links to an external site.)
Links to an external site.


This article, posted by the Times Transcript, authored by Mackenzie Celeste is title, Tourism in Cuba, Business remains normal. This article was chosen because in some senses it goes against what other authors have said on the same topic, but by all means has its reasoning to be correct. The article gets into how the U.S. is really the only country that felt a change through the transfer of Fidel to his brother Raul. Mr. LePage of Canada, states that business between Canada and Cuba is as usual and they haven’t felt any impact of decline in Canadian tourism to the island. The only factual outcome after the transition of power, was a increase by 29% in tourism from Canada to Cuba being travelers were eager to visit the country under “new” power. Another interesting topic covered in this article is tourism and when it became a major part of Cuba’s economy which happened not too long ago in 1991 after the collapse of the Soviet Unit, Cuba’s most important ally. Each year since 2004, Cuba has welcomed out 2 million worldwide visitors, the number of travelers declined after Fidel announced his sickness and started to delegate power to his brother but experts say it was because of other factors in 06 that tourism declined.

A new course; business in cuba. (2013, May 25). The Economist, 407, 36. Retrieved from http://lynn-lang.student.lynn.edu:2048/login?url=h… (Links to an external site.)
Links to an external site.


The following publication was produced by The Economist and was viewed through the Lynn Library. The overview of this article is the changing attitude in Cuba towards business since Raul Castro took power, which aligns with the topic of the paper perfectly. The article is created in chronological order of both good and bad decisions that Raul has made in hopes of helping business since 2006. We are told there hasn’t been a golf course built on the island since the revolution in 1959 because Fidel felt golf was a “bourgeois” hobby. Since, Raul and the rest of the government have decided to go ahead and build a new golf resort believing it will become a huge tourist attraction and attract many visitors. Other similar situations as such are shown in the article, by observing these changes that Raul is attempting to make, it directly informs us about changes since Fidel and what the economy can expect.

Third Subtopic: The current and future economical position of Cuba under Raul Castro’s presidency.

Supporting Evidences: The health of the economy since Fidel’s passing and Raul’s implementation in government has benefitted slightly, but will need more work to reach it maximum potential. However, with the correct approaches taken, the possibilities of Cuba especially relating to business and the economy could be very strong.

Castro’s legacy. (2008, February 23). Retrieved November 01, 2017, from http://www.economist.com/node/10727865 (Links to an external site.)
Links to an external site.


Covered in this publication by The Economist, through the Lynn Library page is the legacy of Fidel. Being the paper is not about the legacy of Fidel but more the future of Cuba’s economy I wanted to discuss the last section which explains raising the embargo and allowing for change to come through. When Raul took over there were basically two options he could have taken, one being continue on with a dysfunctional dictatorship, or reconstruct the country by dropping Americas trade embargo and letting tourism rebuild. As we know today, the second option was chosen and has been implanted since December of 2014 when Obama and Raul came to a decision. In order to facilitate this plan into success, Cuban and Cuban Americans would have to work together implementing one another into the others daily business. Overall the article details what needed and has been done since Raul has taken power, business changes since Fidel’s passing.

Prevost, G. (2007). After Fidel. Commonweal, 134(4), 8.

Discussed in this write up is author Gary Prevost’s personal experience through a trip he took to Cuba just after ill Castro transferred his responsibilities to his vice president and brother Raul Castro. He explains in the article that the first thing he realized when he got to Cuba was that on the surface, barley anything had changed since his last visit 2 years prior. Beneath the surface, Cuba was on the middle of many important changes. Many Cubans were aware and prepared for transition, but not many where sure of when and how this needed change would occur. According to a Cuban report, the only good transition that could be formed out of the situation would be to exclude all current Communist Party leaders from political leadership, even including Raul Castro. Prevost goes into another problem that is not likely to change but is need of improvement which is the political system. Many Cubans feel that economic changes are inevitable, but changes in politics are far from it.

16 mins ago